Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. This subsection needs additional citations for verification. In terms of the total number of transistors in existence, it has been estimated that a total of 13 sextillion ( 1.3 ×10 22) transistors have been manufactured worldwide between 19. Ionic transistor chips ("water-based" analog limited processor), have up to hundreds of such transistors. The first carbon nanotube computer has 178 transistors and is a 1-bit one-instruction set computer, while a later one is 16-bit (while the instruction set is 32-bit RISC-V). Early experimental solid state computers had as few as 130 transistors, but used large amounts of diode logic. In terms of computer systems that consist of numerous integrated circuits, the supercomputer with the highest transistor count as of 2016 is the Chinese-designed Sunway TaihuLight, which has for all CPUs/nodes combined "about 400 trillion transistors in the processing part of the hardware" and "the DRAM includes about 12 quadrillion transistors, and that's about 97 percent of all the transistors." To compare, the smallest computer, as of 2018 dwarfed by a grain of rice, has on the order of 100,000 transistors. Yearġ14 (dual-die SoC entire M1 Ultra is a multi-chip module)Ģ600 ( wafer-scale design consisting of 84 exposed fields (dies))ĥ333 ( stacked package of 16 232-layer 3D NAND dies) As of 2020, the highest transistor count in any IC chip is a deep learning engine called the Wafer Scale Engine 2 by Cerebras, using a special design to route around any non-functional core on the device it has 2.6 trillion MOSFETs in 84 exposed fields (dies) on a wafer, manufactured using TSMC's 7 nm FinFET process. As of 2022, the highest transistor count in flash memory was Micron's 2 terabyte ( 3D-stacked) 16-die, 232-layer V-NAND flash memory chip, with 5.3 trillion floating-gate MOSFETs ( 3 bits per transistor). As of 2022, the highest transistor count GPU is Nvidia's H100, built on TSMC's N4 process and totalling 80 billion MOSFETs. However, being directly proportional to area of a chip, transistor count doesn't represent how advanced corresponding manufacturing technology is, which is better characterized by transistor density instead (ratio of transistor count of a chip to its area).Īs of 2022, the largest transistor count in a commercially available microprocessor is 114 billion transistors, in Apple's ARM-based dual-die M1 Ultra system on a chip, which is fabricated using TSMC's 5 nm semiconductor manufacturing process. The rate at which MOS transistor counts have increased generally follows Moore's law, which observed that the transistor count doubles approximately every two years. It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity (although the majority of transistors in modern microprocessors are contained in the cache memories, which consist mostly of the same memory cell circuits replicated many times). The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or "chip").
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